焦作市太阳辐射资源分析评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

司福意 《气象与环境科学》2013,36(2):87-91

利用焦作市辖区7个县(市)1961-2010年的月日照百分率观测资料,以天文辐射为起始值,采用气候学计算方法获取辖区各站相应的太阳辐射资料.统计分析显示,全市近50 a的年均总辐射量在4625.026 ～5020.026MJ/m2,受所处太行山南麓的地形影响,区内太阳总辐射呈北低南高分布,与同纬度(30-40°N)内我国中东部地区太阳总辐射北高南低的分布特征相反.年内太阳辐射最少月出现在12月份(1月份次之),与天文辐射最少月相吻合;最多出现在5月份(6月份次之),较天文辐射最多的7月份提前2个月,这与该月日照时数≥6h天数的晴好天气比率最高相对应.按照太阳能资源评估国家标准(QX/T 89-2008)评估,辖区东南部属于资源很丰富区,北部和西部属于丰富区;辖区太阳能资源均属于稳定级别,但西北部山区稳定程度稍差.金市太阳辐射总量减少幅度明显大于全国平均减幅:20世纪60-70年代,全市平均年均辐射量超过5148.5 MJ/m2(达资源很丰富标准),但在20世纪80年代中前期太阳辐射量锐减,进入21世纪以来减少趋势不明显,市区有回升的态势.另外,年太阳辐射总量年变化曲线围绕着趋势线表现出较明显的波动,且振荡频率在加大.  相似文献   

钦州对虾养殖灾害性天气分析和气象服务要领   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

农成万  张幸  李斌喜  邝良俊  陈思 《气象研究与应用》2013,34(1):60-63

利用钦江农场养虾基地提供的养殖数据,结合钦州的天气气候资料,从气象角度分析得到,影响钦州对虾养殖主要有五个气象要素和三大灾害性天气,并提出防灾措施和进行虾业气象服务所应掌握的要点和要领。  相似文献   

The impact of soil moisture–atmosphere coupling on daily maximum surface temperatures in Southeastern South America     

Coronato  Tanea  Carril  Andrea F.  Zaninelli  Pablo G.  Giles  Julián  Ruscica  Romina  Falco  Magdalena  Sörensson  Anna A.  Fita  Lluis  Li  Laurent Z. X.  Menéndez  Claudio G. 《Climate Dynamics》2020,55(9-10):2543-2556

Based on a series of experiments conducted by two regional climate models (RCA4 and LMDZ) with and without soil moisture-atmosphere coupling, we investigate the role of soil moisture on the occurrence of surface air temperature extremes and its persistence in Southeastern South America. Our analysis reveals that both factors, soil moisture-atmosphere coupling and relatively drier soil conditions, enhance the temperature extremes. In addition, the existence of soil-atmosphere coupling and the associated soil moisture variability is crucial for the development of the extremes in SESA. The key role of soil-atmosphere coupling is also reflected in the intrinsic persistence of hot days, which is greater in simulations with interactive soil moisture than in those with prescribed soil conditions. In the absence of soil-atmosphere coupling, the imprint of the anomalous dry (and also wet) soil conditions on the intensity and persistence of hot days is weaker.

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Approximate solutions of the hyperbolic Kepler equation     

Martín Avendano  Verónica Martín-Molina  Jorge Ortigas-Galindo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2015,123(4):435-451

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交通网络旅行商路径优化的遗传禁忌搜索算法     

余丽  陆锋  杨林 《测绘学报》2014,43(11):1197-1203

旅行商路径优化问题是经典的网络分析问题之一。由于旅行商问题具有NP Hard特性,主要通过智能优化方法或启发式算法来获得近似最优解。然而,单一智能优化方法存在运算量过大、参数选择苛刻,对初值依赖性强等缺陷,很难快速实现全局优化。结合多种优化机制和邻域搜索结构设计混合启发式算法可在一定程度上解决这一问题。本文结合遗传算法的全局寻优能力和禁忌搜索的记忆功能,设计实现了一种基于分散集中策略的禁忌遗传算法,即采用遗传变异算子作为分散策略构造邻域,开辟新的搜索空间,有效提升获得全局最优解的概率;将禁忌搜索作为集中策略进行局部寻优,避免迂回探测,充分体现禁忌搜索较强的“爬山”能力,并通过实际交通网络和不同规模的节点集合,从求解精度、稳定性和效率三个方面对算法进行了评价。结果表明,本文提出的交通网络旅行商路径优化的禁忌遗传算法平均求解精度比禁忌搜索算法提高了9%,略优于ArcGIS;当与ArcGIS求解的TSP路径长度差异在1%以内时,禁忌搜索算法已经难以获得对应精度的TSP路径,而禁忌遗传算法效率比遗传算法提高了50%。且禁忌遗传算法具有很好的并行化潜力。  相似文献   

Rescue of the historical sea level record of Marseille (France) from 1885 to 1988 and its extension back to 1849–1851     

G. Wöppelmann  M. Marcos  A. Coulomb  B. Martín Míguez  P. Bonnetain  C. Boucher  M. Gravelle  B. Simon  P. Tiphaneau 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(9):869-885

This paper describes the historical sea level data that we have rescued from a tide gauge, especially devised originally for geodesy. This gauge was installed in Marseille in 1884 with the primary objective of defining the origin of the height system in France. Hourly values for 1885–1988 have been digitized from the original tidal charts. They are supplemented by hourly values from an older tide gauge record (1849–1851) that was rediscovered during a survey in 2009. Both recovered data sets have been critically edited for errors and their reliability assessed. The hourly values are thoroughly analysed for the first time after their original recording. A consistent high-frequency time series is reported, increasing notably the length of one of the few European sea level records in the Mediterranean Sea spanning more than one hundred years. Changes in sea levels are examined, and previous results revisited with the extended time series. The rate of relative sea level change for the period 1849–2012 is estimated to have been \(1.08\pm 0.04\)  mm/year at Marseille, a value that is slightly lower but in close agreement with the longest time series of Brest over the common period ( \(1.26\pm 0.04\)  mm/year). The data from a permanent global positioning system station installed on the roof of the solid tide gauge building suggests a remarkable stability of the ground ( \(-0.04\pm 0.25\)  mm/year) since 1998, confirming the choice made by our predecessor geodesists in the nineteenth century regarding this site selection.  相似文献   

2002 Kuiper prize lecture: Dust Astronomy     

Eberhard Grün  Ralf Srama  Sascha Kempf  Stefan Helfert 《Icarus》2005,174(1):1-14

Dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles' birthplace and their bulk properties, we can learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. This approach is called “Dust Astronomy” which is carried out by means of a dust telescope on a Dust Observatory in space. Targets for a dust telescope are the local interstellar medium and nearby star forming regions, as well as comets and asteroids. Dust from interstellar and interplanetary sources is distinguished by accurately sensing their trajectories. Trajectory sensors may use the electric charge signals that are induced when charged grains fly through the detector. Modern in-situ dust impact detectors are capable of providing mass, speed, physical and chemical information of dust grains in space. A Dust Observatory mission is feasible with state-of-the-art technology. It will (1) provide the distinction between interstellar dust and interplanetary dust of cometary and asteroidal origin, (2) determine the elemental composition of impacting dust particles, and (3) monitor the fluxes of various dust components as a function of direction and particle masses.  相似文献   

Self-creation theory of gravitation. A self-similar approach     

J. A. Belinchón 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,343(1):237-244

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) in axisymmetric rotating dusty plasmas with viscous effects is investigated by means of a three-component model MRI with a vertical weak magnetic field. Starting from the three-fluid equations and Maxwell’s equations, I derive the general linear dispersion relation governing local MRI. The dust rotational flow is assumed to have the same angular velocity as ions and electrons. The dispersion relation of two special cases, without viscosity and dust effects respectively, is discussed in detail by taking into account the high-frequency approximation in order to make the perturbation frequency larger than the ion cyclotron frequency. The numerical results demonstrate that both the viscosity and dust effects can prevent the MRI growth, and the dust-induced effects are shown to be especially significant.  相似文献   

Analysis of Interaction and Co‐editing Patterns amongst OpenStreetMap Contributors     

Peter Mooney  Padraig Corcoran 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(5):633-659

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a very well known and popular Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) project on the Internet. In January 2013 OSM gained its one millionth registered member. Several studies have shown that only a small percentage of these registered members carry out the large majority of the mapping and map editing work. In this article we discuss results from a social‐network based analysis of seven major cities in OSM in an effort to understand if there is quantitative evidence of interaction and collaboration between OSM members in these areas. Are OSM contributors working on their own to build OSM databases in these cities or is there evidence of collaboration between OSM contributors? We find that in many cases high frequent contributors (“senior mappers”) perform very large amounts of mapping work on their own but do interact (edit/update) contributions from lower frequency contributors.  相似文献   

Using climate-FVS to project landscape-level forest carbon stores for 100 years from field and LiDAR measures of initial conditions     

Fabián B Gálvez  Andrew T Hudak  John C Byrne  Nicholas L Crookston  Robert F Keefe 《Carbon balance and management》2014,9(1):1-13

Background

Forest resources supply a wide range of environmental services like mitigation of increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). As climate is changing, forest managers have added pressure to obtain forest resources by following stand management alternatives that are biologically sustainable and economically profitable. The goal of this study is to project the effect of typical forest management actions on forest C levels, given a changing climate, in the Moscow Mountain area of north-central Idaho, USA. Harvest and prescribed fire management treatments followed by plantings of one of four regionally important commercial tree species were simulated, using the climate-sensitive version of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, to estimate the biomass of four different planted species and their C sequestration response to three climate change scenarios.

Results

Results show that anticipated climate change induces a substantial decrease in C sequestration potential regardless of which of the four tree species tested are planted. It was also found that Pinus monticola has the highest capacity to sequester C by 2110, followed by Pinus ponderosa, then Pseudotsuga menziesii, and lastly Larix occidentalis.

Conclusions

Variability in the growth responses to climate change exhibited by the four planted species considered in this study points to the importance to forest managers of considering how well adapted seedlings may be to predicted climate change, before the seedlings are planted, and particularly if maximizing C sequestration is the management goal.  相似文献